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Aggregation library(magrittr) set.seed(1) ex_dat <- data.frame(group = rep(1:3, each = 2), y = rnorm(6), x = rnorm(6)) ex_dat ## …

Introduction Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standard computer language for relational database management and data manipulation. …

Classes and objects In Scala, a class is a blueprint for objects. Once you define a class, you can create objects from the class …

Function Syntax Scala is a functional programming language, which means that functions are first-class citizens and you can pass them …

Data types Boolean true or false Byte 8 bit signed value Short 16 bit signed value Char 16 bit unsigned Unicode character Int 32 bit …

Configuration Set up global configuration variables if you haven’t done so $ git config --global user.name …

Introduction The R programming language, along with RStudio, has become one of the most popular tools for data analysis as it contains …

Introduction The ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) models are also known as Box–Jenkins models. ARIMA models are applied …

Introduction State-space models were originally developed by control engineers, particularly for applications that require continuous …